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Running a home-based business can offer unique tax advantages, but accessing these benefits often requires understanding complex regulations and specific forms. The IRS Form 8829, titled “Expenses for Business Use of Your Home,” is a key document for anyone who uses their home as a place of business. This form helps taxpayers identify and calculate eligible expenses related to the business use of their home, including general expenses like mortgage interest, utilities, and repairs. To accurately complete Form 8829, individuals must determine the percentage of their home dedicated to business activities. Additionally, understanding how to apportion expenses and the limitations on deductions can make a significant difference in tax liability. Overall, Form 8829 serves as an important tool for ensuring that taxpayers maximize their home office deductions while complying with IRS requirements.

Form Sample

Form 8829

 

Expenses for Business Use of Your Home

 

 

 

OMB No. 1545-0074

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

File only with Schedule C (Form 1040 or 1040-SR). Use a separate Form 8829 for each

 

2019

Department of the Treasury

 

home you used for business during the year.

 

 

 

 

 

Go to www.irs.gov/Form8829 for instructions and the latest information.

 

 

 

Attachment

176

Internal Revenue Service (99)

 

 

 

 

Sequence No.

Name(s) of proprietor(s)

 

 

 

 

 

Your social security number

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part I

Part of Your Home Used for Business

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

Area used regularly and exclusively for business, regularly for daycare, or for storage of inventory

 

 

 

 

 

or product samples (see instructions)

.

 

1

 

 

2

Total area of home

.

 

2

 

 

3

Divide line 1 by line 2. Enter the result as a percentage

.

 

3

 

%

 

For daycare facilities not used exclusively for business, go to line 4. All others, go to line 7.

 

 

 

 

 

4

Multiply days used for daycare during year by hours used per day . .

4

 

 

hr.

 

 

 

 

5

If you started or stopped using your home for daycare during the year,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

see instructions; otherwise, enter 8,760

5

 

 

hr.

 

 

 

 

6

Divide line 4 by line 5. Enter the result as a decimal amount . . . .

6

 

.

 

 

 

 

 

7

Business percentage. For daycare facilities not used exclusively for business, multiply line 6 by

 

 

 

 

 

line 3 (enter the result as a percentage). All others, enter the amount from line 3

 

 

7

 

%

Part II

Figure Your Allowable Deduction

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8Enter the amount from Schedule C, line 29, plus any gain derived from the business use of your home,

 

minus any loss from the trade or business not derived from the business use of your home (see instructions)

8

 

See instructions for columns (a) and (b) before completing lines 9–22.

(a) Direct expenses

(b) Indirect expenses

 

9

Casualty losses (see instructions)

9

 

 

 

10

Deductible mortgage interest (see instructions) .

10

 

 

 

11

Real estate taxes (see instructions)

11

 

 

 

12Add lines 9, 10, and 11 . . . . . . . . . 12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13

Multiply line 12, column (b), by line 7

. . . . . .

13

 

 

14

Add line 12, column (a), and line 13

. . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

14

 

15

Subtract line 14 from line 8. If zero or less, enter -0- .

. . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

15

 

16

Excess mortgage interest (see instructions) . .

 

16

 

 

 

17Excess real estate taxes (see instructions) . . . 17

18Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

19

Rent

19

20

Repairs and maintenance

20

21

Utilities

21

22Other expenses (see instructions) . . . . . . 22

23

Add lines 16 through 22 . . . . . . . . . 23

 

 

24

 

 

 

 

Multiply line 23, column (b), by line 7

24

 

25

Carryover of prior year operating expenses (see instructions) . . . .

25

 

26

Add line 23, column (a), line 24, and line 25

. . . . . . . . .

26

27

Allowable operating expenses. Enter the smaller of line 15 or line 26 .

. . . . . . . . .

27

28

Limit on excess casualty losses and depreciation. Subtract line 27 from line 15

28

29

Excess casualty losses (see instructions)

29

 

30Depreciation of your home from line 42 below . . . . . . . . . 30

31

Carryover of prior year excess casualty losses and depreciation (see instructions) 31

 

 

 

 

 

32

Add lines 29 through 31

32

33

Allowable excess casualty losses and depreciation. Enter the smaller of line 28 or line 32 . . .

33

34

Add lines 14, 27, and 33

34

35

Casualty loss portion, if any, from lines 14 and 33. Carry amount to Form 4684 (see instructions) .

35

36

Allowable expenses for business use of your home. Subtract line 35 from line 34. Enter here

 

 

and on Schedule C, line 30. If your home was used for more than one business, see instructions

36

Part III

Depreciation of Your Home

 

37

Enter the smaller of your home’s adjusted basis or its fair market value (see instructions) . . .

37

38

Value of land included on line 37

38

39

Basis of building. Subtract line 38 from line 37

39

40

Business basis of building. Multiply line 39 by line 7

40

41

Depreciation percentage (see instructions)

41

42

Depreciation allowable (see instructions). Multiply line 40 by line 41. Enter here and on line 30 above

42

Part IV

Carryover of Unallowed Expenses to 2020

 

43

Operating expenses. Subtract line 27 from line 26. If less than zero, enter -0-

43

44

Excess casualty losses and depreciation. Subtract line 33 from line 32. If less than zero, enter -0- .

44

%

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see your tax return instructions.

Cat. No. 13232M

Form 8829 (2019)

Document Specifications

Fact Name Description
Purpose The IRS Form 8829 allows self-employed individuals to calculate and claim home office deductions.
Eligibility To use this form, you must be a business owner who qualifies for home office deductions based on IRS criteria.
Deduction Types You may claim direct and indirect expenses related to your home office. Direct expenses benefit only the business; indirect expenses are shared between personal and business use.
Calculation Method The form helps determine your deduction based on the percentage of your home used for business purposes. A percentage is calculated based on available space.
Record Keeping Supporting documentation is necessary. Keep records of expenses, home size, and business space allocation. This documentation is vital in case of an audit.
Filing Frequency You must complete Form 8829 each year you claim home office expenses as part of your annual tax filing.
Limitations There are limits on deductions based on business income. If your business operates at a loss, you may not use all available deductions.
State-Specific Forms Some states require specific forms for home office deductions. Check your state’s tax authority for details. For instance, California follows the "California Home Office Expense Deduction" under Revenue and Taxation Code Section 17201.
Form Changes The IRS occasionally updates Form 8829. Stay informed by checking for changes each tax season to ensure compliance.

Steps to Filling Out IRS 8829

Filling out the IRS Form 8829 can seem daunting, but with a step-by-step approach, it can be manageable. This form is essential for reporting expenses related to the business use of your home. Each step will guide you through the necessary information you need to provide to ensure accuracy.

  1. Begin by obtaining a copy of Form 8829. You can download it from the IRS website or request a printed version.
  2. Enter your name and Social Security number in the designated spaces at the top of the form.
  3. Determine the area of your home used for business. Measure the square footage of that space and the total square footage of your home.
  4. Calculate the percentage of your home that is used for business by dividing the business space by the total living area. Enter this percentage where indicated.
  5. List all the expenses related to the business use of your home, such as mortgage interest, utilities, and repairs. You may need receipts or statements to support these expenses.
  6. Complete the section regarding direct and indirect expenses. Direct expenses apply only to the business portion of your home, while indirect expenses are shared between business and personal use.
  7. Fill out the area that asks for total expenses. Add up all the expenses you’ve listed and enter the total amount.
  8. Review your entries for accuracy. Make sure all numbers are correct and that nothing is missing.
  9. Sign and date the form at the bottom. This step confirms that the information provided is accurate to the best of your knowledge.
  10. Submit the completed Form 8829 with your tax return. Ensure it's sent to the correct IRS address along with any other required documents.

Following these steps will help facilitate a smoother experience in filling out the IRS Form 8829. Remember to keep copies of your submitted forms and any supporting documentation for your records.

More About IRS 8829

What is the IRS Form 8829?

The IRS Form 8829 is a document that taxpayers use to claim expenses for the business use of their home. If you operate a business from your home, this form helps you calculate the allowable expenses connected to that business. It accounts for direct and indirect costs, including utilities, rent, repairs, and depreciation, related to your home office.

Who can use Form 8829?

Form 8829 is primarily for individuals who are sole proprietors and use a part of their home exclusively and regularly for business. If you itemize business expenses on Schedule C of your tax return, you will likely need to file this form as part of your annual tax submission.

What types of expenses can I claim on Form 8829?

You may claim a variety of expenses on Form 8829. These include direct expenses, which are costs related solely to your home office, such as painting the office space or purchasing office furniture. Indirect expenses, which are costs for maintaining and operating your entire home, also qualify, such as mortgage interest, property taxes, and utility bills. Remember, these indirect expenses must be prorated based on the percentage of your home used for business purposes.

How do I determine the square footage of my home office?

To determine the square footage of your home office, measure the area used exclusively for your business. This might include a separate room or specific sections of a room. Once you have that measurement, divide it by the total square footage of your residence. This calculation will yield the percentage of your home used for business purposes, which is vital for prorating expenses accurately.

Do I need to keep records of my expenses when filing Form 8829?

Yes, it is essential to keep detailed records of all expenses you plan to deduct. This includes receipts, invoices, and any relevant documentation. The IRS may require you to provide evidence of your claims, especially if you are audited. Keeping organized records will make it easier to accurately complete Form 8829 and substantiate your deductions.

Can I use Form 8829 if I have an office outside my home?

If you have a separate office location, you may still use Form 8829, provided that you also use part of your home for business purposes. The home office must be utilized exclusively for business and meet the IRS criteria for a qualified business use. It's important to clarify this, as expenses related only to the outside office cannot be claimed on this form.

What happens if I sell my home?

If you sell your home, there may be tax implications related to the business portion of your residence. Specifically, if you claimed depreciation on your home office, you are required to recapture that depreciation as income when you sell the property. Understanding these implications is crucial, as they can affect your tax liability significantly.

Is there a limit on the amount I can deduct using Form 8829?

Yes, the amount you can deduct through Form 8829 has limits. For example, if your net profit from the business is lower than your total home office expenses, you can only deduct up to the amount of your net profit. Additionally, the IRS has specific guidelines regarding the minimum and maximum home office deductions, which must be adhered to in each tax year.

How do I submit Form 8829?

To submit Form 8829, you will need to fill out the form completely, ensuring all calculations and details are accurate. This form is typically filed with your annual tax return, using either paper or electronic filing methods. Ensure you retain a copy of the completed form and any supporting documentation for your records.

Common mistakes

  1. Inaccurate calculations of home office space: One common mistake is miscalculating the size of the home office. Individuals may overlook the precise dimensions of the area used exclusively for business purposes. To avoid this, measure the square footage accurately and ensure that only the workspace is included in the calculation.

  2. Failing to keep proper records: Many people do not keep adequate records of their home office expenses. This can lead to missed deductions. It is essential to maintain receipts and documentation for all expenses related to the home office, including utilities, repairs, and maintenance.

  3. Using the wrong method for expense calculation: There are two methods for calculating home office expenses: the simplified method and the actual expense method. Some individuals mistakenly choose one method without fully understanding the implications of both. Evaluating which method maximizes deductions can help in making an informed decision.

  4. Incorrectly designating the area as a home office: Individuals sometimes use a space that does not meet the IRS requirements for a home office. For example, a space that is used for both personal and business purposes does not qualify. It is crucial to use a specific part of the home exclusively for business to meet the definition set by the IRS.

Documents used along the form

The IRS 8829 form, used to calculate expenses for the business use of a home, often accompanies various other forms and documents during tax preparation. Understanding these related forms can provide greater clarity and help ensure compliance with tax regulations.

  • Schedule C (Form 1040): This form reports income and expenses from a sole proprietorship. It is necessary for individuals who operate their business as self-employed. Along with the IRS 8829, it helps calculate net profit or loss from the business.
  • Form 4562: This form deals with depreciation and amortization of business assets. It is particularly relevant for those claiming a deduction for the depreciation of home office-related assets.
  • Form 1040: This is the individual income tax return form. Taxpayers must submit it along with other supporting forms like the IRS 8829 to report their total income, including profits from their business.
  • Schedule SE (Form 1040): This form is used to calculate self-employment tax. Individuals who deduct business expenses for their home office must also consider self-employment taxes based on their profit.
  • Form 8862: This form is necessary for individuals who are claiming the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) after having previously been disqualified. If the home office deduction plays a role in earning eligibility, this form is essential.

Carefully reviewing and understanding these documents ensures accurate financial reporting and compliance with IRS regulations. Properly coordinating these forms with the IRS 8829 can lead to effective tax filing and potential savings for business owners operating from home.

Similar forms

The IRS Form 8829 is primarily used by self-employed individuals to report expenses associated with a home office. A similar document is Form Schedule C. This form is used by sole proprietors to report income and expenses related to their business. Like Form 8829, Schedule C allows taxpayers to detail specific deductions, ensuring they accurately reflect the costs of running a business, including expenses for a home office. Both documents require a thorough account of eligible deductions to ensure compliance with tax regulations.

Another document closely related to Form 8829 is Form 4562, which is used to claim depreciation on business assets. Depreciation can be an essential part of calculating home office expenses, particularly if the office space involves substantial investments in capital assets. Both forms involve detailing expenses over time, allowing taxpayers to maximize their deductions while adhering to IRS guidelines.

Form 1040 is the individual income tax return that incorporates various schedules, including Schedule C and potential references to home office deductions. It serves as a comprehensive report of an individual's income and tax obligations. Similar to Form 8829, Form 1040 requires collating all income-related documents, ensuring that all deductions related to the home office are captured accurately within the larger tax return framework.

Form 8903, which is for the domestic production activities deduction, shares similarities with Form 8829 in its goal of providing tax relief for specific types of work. Although it applies to a different context, both forms require detailed information about eligible activities and expenses, contributing to a clear understanding of business deductions while navigating IRS tax liabilities.

Form 2106 is used to determine employee business expenses for individuals who do not receive a reimbursement from their employer. While not exclusively for home-based businesses, it also factors in vehicle and travel expenses that may overlap with home office deductions. Like Form 8829, this form helps to consolidate applicable expenses into a comprehensive claim for tax advantages.

Lastly, Form 8825 pertains to reporting income and expenses from rental real estate. Even though it focuses on rental properties, it bears a resemblance to Form 8829 as both forms are concerned with specific deductions related to property use. Both require detailed documentation of expenses, ensuring that property owners or self-employed individuals effectively calculate their tax obligations while benefiting from applicable deductions.

Dos and Don'ts

When filling out the IRS 8829 form, it's crucial to ensure accuracy and compliance with IRS guidelines. The following list highlights key dos and don'ts to consider.

  • Do gather all necessary documentation related to your home office expenses.
  • Do clearly define the portion of your home that is used exclusively for business purposes.
  • Do keep detailed records of all your expenses, including receipts and invoices.
  • Do consult the IRS guidelines or a tax professional if you have questions about specific expenses.
  • Do ensure you submit the form before the tax return deadline to avoid penalties.
  • Don't underestimate your allowable expenses; review the list of deductible costs carefully.
  • Don't mix personal and business expenses; it may lead to complications or audits.
  • Don't forget to check for updates to the IRS guidelines each tax year.
  • Don't leave any sections of the form incomplete, as this can result in delays or rejection.
  • Don't hesitate to seek help if you find the form confusing or complex.

Misconceptions

The IRS Form 8829 is used to claim expenses for business use of your home. However, several misconceptions exist about this form that could lead to confusion. Here are six common misconceptions explained:

  • Only self-employed individuals can use Form 8829. Many believe that only self-employed people can claim home office deductions. In reality, employees who work from home and receive reimbursement from their employers may also qualify.
  • You need to have a separate office space to use Form 8829. Some think that a dedicated room is necessary for claiming expenses. The truth is you can also claim a portion of your home used exclusively for business, even if it's a part of a room.
  • Form 8829 is only for direct expenses. People often assume that only direct expenses can be reported. In fact, Form 8829 also allows you to include indirect expenses like utilities and homeowner’s insurance, which can significantly increase your deduction.
  • You can claim the entire house as a business expense. A common belief is that you can deduct all expenses related to your home. However, only the portion used for business qualifies for deductions. It’s essential to calculate the specific business percentage.
  • Form 8829 can only be used to claim mortgage interest. Some individuals think they can only deduct mortgage interest with Form 8829. This form is versatile and allows deductions for various costs, including repairs, maintenance, and depreciation.
  • Once you start using Form 8829, you can’t change your mind. Another misconception is that opting for Form 8829 locks you into using the home office deduction every year. You can choose to take the standard deduction instead if it benefits you more in the future.

Understanding these misconceptions can help ensure you accurately report your home business expenses and maximize your deductions.

Key takeaways

When using the IRS Form 8829 for home office deductions, it's essential to understand its purpose and the information required. Here are some key takeaways to consider:

  1. Eligibility is Key: Ensure you qualify for the home office deduction. The space you claim must be used regularly and exclusively for business purposes.
  2. Calculate Your Expenses: Gather all relevant expenses related to your home office, including mortgage interest, utilities, and repairs. This thorough documentation will help you provide accurate information.
  3. Know Your Measurement Methods: You can choose between the simplified method, which offers a standard deduction per square foot, or the actual expense method, where you itemize costs. Familiarize yourself with both to see which suits your situation best.
  4. Record-Keeping is Crucial: Maintain detailed records of your expenses and the calculation method used. This documentation will support your claims if you face any inquiries from the IRS.